What mechanisms for thread synchronization have you used and how?

The following mechanisms are often used for thread synchronization in C/C++:

• Mutexes (mutex) — ensure mutual exclusion, allowing only one thread to execute the critical section of code.

  std::mutex mtx;
  mtx.lock();
  // critical section
  mtx.unlock();
  

• Smart locks (std::lock_guard, std::unique_lock) — RAII wrappers for automatic management of mutexes.

  std::mutex mtx;
  {
      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
      // critical section
  } // mutex is automatically released
  

• Semaphores — limit the number of threads executing a certain section of code simultaneously.
• Condition variables (condition_variable) — allow threads to wait for a specific condition.

Usage depends on the task: mutexes for data protection, condition variables for waiting for events. In POSIX systems, you can use pthread_mutex_t, pthread_cond_t, etc.