What methods of multithreading are available?

• Thread: The basic class for creating a new thread. Requires manual management of its lifecycle.
• AsyncTask: Deprecated way to perform short operations in a background thread and update the UI. Tied to the lifecycle of Activity/Fragment, which can lead to memory leaks.
• HandlerThread: A specialized thread with a Looper, allowing message processing in the background.
• ExecutorService / ThreadPoolExecutor: Provide thread pools for efficient management and reuse of threads. Enable asynchronous task execution.
• Coroutines (Kotlin): Lightweight threads built on top of JVM threads. Offer a more convenient and readable way to write asynchronous code. Support structured concurrency.
• RxJava / RxKotlin: Libraries for reactive programming, allowing working with asynchronous data streams. Provide a rich set of operators for transforming and combining data.

Examples of using Coroutines:

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

fun fetchData() {
    GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
        // Executes in a background thread (for I/O operations)
        val data = apiService.getData()
        withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
            // Executes on the main (UI) thread
            updateUI(data)
        }
    }
}