Intentda faylga havolani qanday yuborish mumkin?

Faylga havola yuborish uchun Intent ichida Uri ishlatiladi.

1. FileProviderdan foydalanish (Android N va yuqori uchun tavsiya etilgan usul):
   Eng xavfsiz va tavsiya etilgan usul, chunki u Androidning so'nggi versiyalarida FileUriExposedExceptionni oldini oladi.

   • AndroidManifest.xmlda FileProviderni aniqlash va fayllarga yo'llar bo'yicha XML fayl yaratish zarur.

   • FileProvider.getUriForFile() yordamida Uri olish.

   • AndroidManifest.xml:

     <application>
         <provider
             android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
             android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"
             android:exported="false"
             android:grantUriPermissions="true">
             <meta-data
                 android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                 android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"/>
         </provider>
     </application>
     

   • res/xml/provider_paths.xml:

     <paths>
         <external-path name="external_files" path="."/>
     </paths>
     

   • Ko'da uzatish:

     // 'file' obyektining java.io.File ekanligini faraz qilamiz
     Uri fileUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(
         context,
         context.getPackageName() + ".provider",
         file
     );
     
     Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
     intent.setDataAndType(fileUri, "application/pdf"); // To'g'ri MIME turini ko'rsating
     intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); // O'qish uchun ruxsat berish
     
     if (intent.resolveActivity(context.getPackageManager()) != null) {
         context.startActivity(intent);
     }
     

2. Uri.fromFile()dan foydalanish (Android N dan boshlab eskirgan):
   Bu usul xavfsizlik muammolari sababli Android N va undan keyingi versiyalarda tavsiya etilmaydi.

   • Android N dan boshlab, Intent orqali fayl URI'larini uzatish FileUriExposedException xatosiga olib keladi, chunki u boshqa ilovalar bilan interaktsiyada bo'ladi.

   • Uzatish kodlari:

     // 'file' obyektining java.io.File ekanligini faraz qilamiz
     Uri fileUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
     
     Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
     intent.setDataAndType(fileUri, "application/pdf"); // To'g'ri MIME turini ko'rsating
     
     // Bu kod Android N+ da boshqa ilovalar bilan interaktsiyada `FileUriExposedException`ni chaqirishi mumkin
     if (intent.resolveActivity(context.getPackageManager()) != null) {
         context.startActivity(intent);
     }
     

Qisqacha jadval:

Usul	Tavsiya (Android N+)	Xavfsizlik
FileProvider	✅	Yuqori ( FileUriExposedExceptionni oldini oladi)
Uri.fromFile()	❌	Past ( FileUriExposedExceptionni chaqirishi mumkin)

Har doim FileProviderdan foydalaning, Android N va undan yuqori versiyalarda ilovalar o'rtasida fayllarni almashish uchun.