Räägi andmebaaside shardingust

Database sharding is a horizontal scaling method where data is divided into parts (shards), each stored on a separate server or cluster. This allows load distribution and increases system performance and capacity.

Key points:

• Horizontal partitioning: data is divided by key (e.g., user ID) into multiple databases.
• Scalability increase: each shard processes only its part of the data, reducing load.
• Difficulties: a routing mechanism is needed to direct requests to the correct shard, and it is more challenging to ensure transactions and data integrity.

Example: if you have a user table with millions of records, you can split it into 10 shards based on ID ranges, so requests to different users are processed in parallel on different servers.