Kas saaks anda näite koodist, mis ei muutu käivitamisel ja ei põhjusta kõrvaltoimeid?

An example of code without state changes and side effects is a pure function. It always returns the same result with the same input data and does not modify external state.

Example in Kotlin for Android:

fun sum(a: Int, b: Int): Int {
    return a + b
}

This function does not change any variables outside itself and does not cause side effects — it simply returns the sum of the arguments.

Another example — getting a string from resources without changes:

fun getWelcomeMessage(): String {
    return "Welcome!"
}

Such functions are easy to test and predictable.