Millised piirangud on olemas objektorienteeritud programmeerimisel alamsuhete määratlemisel?

In object-oriented programming, the following restrictions exist when defining subclasses:

• Inheritance from final classes: In languages that support the final modifier (e.g., Java), inheritance from classes declared as final is not possible.
• Inheritance from specific classes: A subclass can inherit only from one class (single inheritance), if the language does not support multiple inheritance (e.g., Java). In C++, multiple inheritance is allowed but can be complex.
• Access to superclass members: The subclass cannot directly access private (private) members of the superclass, only through the superclass's methods.
• Constructors: Superclass constructors are not inherited; they must be explicitly called from the subclass's constructor.
• Overriding restrictions: Some methods can be declared as final or sealed, which prohibits their overriding in subclasses.

These restrictions help control the class hierarchy and ensure the safety and predictability of the program's behavior.