How are automated tests created?

Creating automated tests involves several stages:

1. Requirements analysis: Understanding functional and non-functional requirements to define test scenarios.

2. Tool selection: Choosing appropriate frameworks and libraries depending on the tested technology (web, mobile applications, API, etc.). Examples: Selenium, Playwright, Appium, Rest Assured, Cypress, JUnit, TestNG, Pytest, NUnit.

3. Development of test scenarios (test cases): Describing the sequence of actions, expected results, and test data.

4. Designing automation architecture: Selecting and implementing design patterns (e.g., Page Object Model (POM), Page Factory) to improve maintainability and reusability of code.

5. Writing test code: Implementing test scenarios in the chosen programming language using the selected framework.

   // Example of a simple test using Selenium and JUnit
   import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
   import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
   import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
   
   public class ExampleTest {
   
       @Test
       public void testPageTitle() {
           // Initialize WebDriver
           WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
           try {
               // Open page
               driver.get("https://www.example.com");
               // Check page title
               assertEquals("Example Domain", driver.getTitle());
           } finally {
               // Close browser
               driver.quit();
           }
       }
   }
   

6. Preparation of test data: Creating or obtaining data necessary for executing tests.

7. Running tests: Executing automated tests in the test environment.

8. Analysis of results: Checking test execution reports, identifying errors, and documenting them (e.g., in a bug tracker).

9. Maintenance and refactoring: Updating test code when changes occur in the tested system, refactoring for improved readability and efficiency.

10. Integration into CI/CD: Configuring test runs as part of the continuous integration and delivery pipeline.

Key principles: KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid), DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself), maintainability.