Как можно получить ошибку (exception) в процессе тестирования?

Errors can be identified through:

1. Functionality investigation:

   • Negative testing: Entering incorrect data, exceeding limits, incorrect formatting.
   • Boundary value testing: Using minimum and maximum allowed values.
   • Stress testing: Overloading the system.
   • Security testing: Injection attempts, unauthorized access.
   • Dependency testing: Disabling or malfunctioning external services.
   • Compatibility testing: Using different browsers, OS, devices.

2. Log analysis and monitoring:

   • Viewing server logs, application logs.
   • Using monitoring systems to detect failures and errors in real-time.

3. Automated testing:

   • Unit tests: Checking individual components.
   • Integration tests: Checking interaction between modules.
   • End-to-End tests: Simulating user actions.
   • Load tests: Detecting errors under high load.
   • Fuzzing: Generating random or semi-random inputs to find crashes and vulnerabilities.

   # Example test that may cause division by zero error
   

def test_divide(): def divide(a, b): return a / b

import pytest

def test_divide_by_zero():
    with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
        divide(10, 0)
```

4. Manual testing:

   • Systematic and exploratory testing.
   • Usability testing to find non-obvious scenarios.

5. Code analysis tools:

   • Static code analysis.
   • Dynamic analysis.

6. Requirements and specifications analysis:

   • Detecting discrepancies between expected and actual behavior.

7. Retrospective analysis:

   • Studying past bugs to find patterns and missed scenarios.