What is the relationship between JVM and JRE and how do they interact with each other?

JRE (Java Runtime Environment) is the environment for running Java applications, which includes the JVM (Java Virtual Machine), standard libraries, and other components necessary for executing Java programs.

JVM is a virtual machine that directly executes Java bytecode. It is responsible for class loading, memory management, instruction execution, and garbage collection.

The relationship between them is as follows: JVM is part of the JRE. The JRE provides everything needed to run a Java application, and the JVM is the engine that interprets and executes the bytecode. Without the JVM, the JRE cannot run programs, and without the JRE, the JVM has no environment or libraries to operate.

Example:

• JRE = JVM + standard libraries + other components
• When a Java application is launched, the JRE starts the JVM, which executes the program's bytecode.