Dasturlash dizaynida Builder nima?

Bu, murakkab ob'ektni qurish jarayonidan uning tasvirini ajratadigan va bir xil qurilish jarayonidan foydalanib, ob'ektning turli xil tasvirlarini yaratishga imkon beradigan yaratuvchi dizayn shablonidir.

Ishlash prinsipi:

• Mahsulot (Product): Qurilishi kerak bo'lgan murakkab ob'ekt.
• Quruvchi (Builder): Mahsulotning qismlarini yaratish uchun abstrakt interfeys.
• Aniq Quruvchi (Concrete Builder): "Quruvchi" interfeysini amalga oshiradigan va mahsulotning aniq qismlarini yaratib, ularni yig'ib, tayyor mahsulotga aylantiradigan sinf.
• Direktor (ixtiyoriy): Qurilish bosqichlarining ketma-ketligini belgilaydi va Mahsulotni yaratish uchun Quruvchidan foydalanadi.

Afzalliklar:

• Murakkab ob'ektlarni bosqichma-bosqich qurishga imkon beradi.
• Qurilish mantiqini ob'ektning o'zidan ajratadi.
• Bir xil qurilish jarayonidan foydalanib, ob'ektning turli xil tasvirlarini yaratishga imkon beradi.
• Yangi Aniq Quruvchilar qo'shish orqali kengaytirishni osonlashtiradi.

Kamchiliklar:

• Har bir Aniq Quruvchi uchun alohida sinf yaratish zarurligi sababli sinflar sonini oshiradi.
• Oddiy ob'ektlar uchun kodni murakkablashtirishi mumkin.

Foydalanish misoli (Java):

Murakkab "Uy" ob'ektini yaratishni tasavvur qilamiz:

// Mahsulot
class House {
    private String walls;
    private String roof;
    private String windows;
    private String doors;

    public void setWalls(String walls) { this.walls = walls; }
    public void setRoof(String roof) { this.roof = roof; }
    public void setWindows(String windows) { this.windows = windows; }
    public void setDoors(String doors) { this.doors = doors; }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "House{" +
               "walls='" + walls + '\'' +
               ", roof='" + roof + '\'' +
               ", windows='" + windows + '\'' +
               ", doors='" + doors + '\'' +
               '}';
    }
}

// Quruvchi
interface HouseBuilder {
    void buildWalls();
    void buildRoof();
    void buildWindows();
    void buildDoors();
    House getResult();
}

// Aniq Quruvchi
class StoneHouseBuilder implements HouseBuilder {
    private House house;

    public StoneHouseBuilder() {
        this.house = new House();
    }

    @Override
    public void buildWalls() {
        house.setWalls("Tosh devorlar");
    }

    @Override
    public void buildRoof() {
        house.setRoof("Tile Roof");
    }

    @Override
    public void buildWindows() {
        house.setWindows("Drejaning oynalari");
    }

    @Override
    public void buildDoors() {
        house.setDoors("Mustahkam yog'och eshiklar");
    }

    @Override
    public House getResult() {
        return house;
    }
}

// Direktor (ixtiyoriy)
class Director {
    public void constructStoneHouse(HouseBuilder builder) {
        builder.buildWalls();
        builder.buildRoof();
        builder.buildWindows();
        builder.buildDoors();
    }
}

// Foydalanish
public class BuilderExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Director director = new Director();
        HouseBuilder stoneHouseBuilder = new StoneHouseBuilder();

        director.constructStoneHouse(stoneHouseBuilder);

        House stoneHouse = stoneHouseBuilder.getResult();
        System.out.println(stoneHouse); // Natija: House{walls='Tosh devorlar', roof='Tile Roof', windows='Drejaning oynalari', doors='Mustahkam yog'och eshiklar'}
    }
}