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Stack overflow (stack overflow) occurs when a program uses more stack memory than allocated by the operating system. Usually, this happens due to infinite or very deep recursion, or allocating too large local variables.

The stack is a memory area where local variables and return addresses of functions are stored. If the stack overflows, the program terminates abruptly with an error.

Example of infinite recursion causing stack overflow:

void Recursive()
{
    Recursive(); // calling itself without an exit condition
}

Recursive();

To prevent stack overflow, you need to control the recursion depth and the size of local data.