Kas saaksite selgitada Java-s rakendatud objektorienteeritud programmeerimise põhiprintsiipe?

The main principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) in Java include:

• Encapsulation — combining data and methods that work with this data into a single object, as well as hiding the internal implementation from the outside world.
• Inheritance — the ability to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods, which promotes code reuse.
• Polymorphism — the ability of objects of different classes to respond differently to the same messages (method calls), allowing a single interface to be used for different object types.
• Abstraction — highlighting the essential characteristics of an object, hiding implementation details, which simplifies interaction with objects.

Example:

class Animal {
    void sound() {
        System.out.println("Some sound");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    @Override
    void sound() {
        System.out.println("Bark");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal myDog = new Dog();
        myDog.sound(); // Will print "Bark" — example of polymorphism
    }
}