Mis on pärimine ja polümorfism seoses viidetüüpi andmetega?

Inheritance is an OOP mechanism that allows creating new classes based on existing ones. The new class (subclass) inherits fields and methods from the parent class and can also add its own or override existing ones. This promotes code reuse and the creation of logical hierarchies.

Polymorphism is the ability of objects from different classes to respond differently to the same method. For reference data types, this means you can work with objects of different classes through a reference to the base class or interface. The specific implementation of the called method will depend on the actual type of the object at runtime. There are two main types of polymorphism:

• Static (method overloading): The same method has multiple implementations with different parameter sets. The compiler determines which to use based on the method signature.
• Dynamic (method overriding): The subclass provides its own implementation of the method, which is already defined in the parent class. The method call via a reference to the parent class is performed to execute the implementation in the subclass (if it exists).