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Hexagonal architecture (or Ports and Adapters) is an approach to application design that separates business logic from external dependencies.

Main principles:

• The center of the architecture is the business logic (core), independent of external systems.
• Around the core are ports — interfaces through which the core interacts with the outside world.
• Adapters implement these ports and provide connections to databases, UI, external services.

This allows easy replacement of external components without changing business logic and simplifies testing.

Example:

• The core describes an interface for storing data (port).
• The adapter implements this interface, for example, via a database.
• When changing the database, only the adapter changes, the core remains unchanged.