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A transaction in databases is a sequence of operations that is executed as a single unit. It either completes successfully (commit) or is completely rolled back (rollback) if an error occurs.

The main properties of transactions (ACID):

• Atomicity: all operations within the transaction are either fully completed or not executed at all.
• Consistency: the transaction moves the database from one correct state to another.
• Isolation: parallel transactions do not affect each other.
• Durability: after confirmation, changes remain even in case of failures.

Example: when transferring money between accounts, the debit and credit should be in the same transaction to prevent data inconsistency.

Transactions help manage concurrent access and ensure data integrity.