Miks otsustati andmetüübid jagada int ja long-ks?

The separation of int and long types was adopted to optimize memory usage and performance.

Main reasons:

• Size: int occupies 32 bits of memory, while long occupies 64 bits. For storing smaller integers, 32 bits are sufficient, and using 64 bits for such values would be an inefficient use of resources.
• Range of values: int can store values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. long supports a much wider range, approximately from -9 quintillion to 9 quintillion. This allows working with very large numbers when the int range is insufficient.
• Performance: Operations on 32-bit numbers (type int) are generally faster on the processor than operations on 64-bit numbers (type long), especially on older architectures. Using a more compact int type where possible improves performance.

Example of usage:

// Using `int` for values within its range
int count = 1000;

// Using `long` for larger values exceeding the `int` range
long totalPopulation = 8_000_000_000L;