Kas saaksite selgitada, kuidas töötab mälu mudel Java-s ja millised on selle põhialused?

The Java Memory Model describes how threads interact with memory, including working with variables and synchronization. Key principles:

• Visibility of changes: changes made by one thread should be visible to other threads with proper synchronization.
• Atomicity: operations on variables can be atomic (e.g., reading/writing primitive types, except long and double without volatile).
• Order of execution: the compiler and processor can change the order of instructions, but respecting synchronization rules.

The Java Memory Model (JMM) defines how and when changes to variables become visible to other threads, using keywords like volatile, synchronized, and others.

Example:

volatile int counter = 0;

// Change to counter in one thread will be guaranteed to be visible in another
counter = 5;

Without volatile or synchronization, changes may not be immediately visible to other threads due to caching and optimizations.