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Type erasure is a mechanism in Java used when working with generics. During compilation, information about the types of generic parameters is removed (erased), and in the compiled bytecode, types are replaced with their upper bounded type (usually Object).

The main purpose of type erasure:

  • To ensure backward compatibility with code written before the appearance of generics.
  • To allow the use of generics without modifying the JVM.

Example:

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
// During compilation, this roughly becomes:
List list = new ArrayList();

Because of this, for example, it is not possible to directly create arrays of parameterized types or use instanceof with parameterized types directly.