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A stack is one of the types of data structures that operates on the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle, meaning the last added element is the first to be removed.

Data structures are ways to organize and store data for efficient access and modification. A stack is a specific implementation of a data structure, alongside queues, lists, trees, and others.

An example of using a stack is undoing actions in an application, where the last actions are stored in the stack and can be undone in reverse order.

Example in Swift:

var stack = [Int]()
stack.append(1) // add element
stack.append(2)
let last = stack.popLast() // remove the last element (2)

Thus, a stack is a particular case of a data structure with a defined behavior.