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Synchronous execution of tasks means that tasks are performed sequentially, one after another, and the next task does not start until the current one finishes. In iOS, this often occurs when calling functions that block the thread until a result is obtained.

Characteristics of synchronous execution:

• The execution thread is blocked until the task completes.
• Suitable for simple operations where waiting for the result is necessary.
• Can lead to UI blocking if a long task is executed on the main thread.

Example:

func fetchData() {
    let data = loadDataSynchronously() // blocks the thread until completion
    print(data)
}

Here, the loadDataSynchronously function will not return control until it receives the data, which can freeze the UI if called on the main thread.