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The runtime environment in iOS is a set of components that ensure the execution of applications on the device. It includes:

• The kernel of the iOS operating system, which manages the device's resources.
• The runtime environment for Objective-C or Swift, responsible for memory management, dynamic class loading, and exception handling.
• Cocoa Touch frameworks, which provide APIs for user interface, networking, multimedia, etc.

When an application is launched, the runtime environment loads its code, allocates memory, initializes objects, and facilitates interaction with the system. For example, ARC (Automatic Reference Counting) automatically manages the lifecycle of objects and frees memory when they are no longer needed.

Thus, the runtime environment ensures stable and efficient operation of applications on iOS.