Kuidas toimub koormuse jaotamine serverite või süsteemi komponentide vahel?

Load balancing is the process of evenly distributing incoming requests or tasks across multiple servers or system components to improve performance and fault tolerance.

Main implementation methods:

• Round Robin — requests are sequentially sent in a circle to each server.
• Least Connections — the request is directed to the server with the fewest active connections.
• IP Hash — server selection based on a hash of the client's IP address, ensuring a session with a single server.

In Go, a simple load balancer can be implemented, for example, using an HTTP reverse proxy with server selection by Round Robin:

var servers = []string{"http://server1", "http://server2"}
var current int

func loadBalancer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    target := servers[current]
    current = (current + 1) % len(servers)
    // Redirect the request to the target
    http.Redirect(w, r, target+r.RequestURI, http.StatusTemporaryRedirect)
}

In real systems, specialized load balancers (nginx, HAProxy) or cloud solutions are used.