Kuidas teostatakse süsteemikutsed, mis blokeerivad protsesside või lõimede täitmise?

System calls that block the execution of processes or threads work as follows: when a process or thread makes such a system call (e.g., reading from a file or waiting for an event), execution is suspended until the operation completes. During this time, the OS kernel switches the process or thread to a waiting state (blocking), freeing the CPU for other tasks.

In Go, when calling blocking system calls, the runtime uses mechanisms of the goroutine scheduler and system thread scheduler. If a goroutine blocks on a system call, the runtime can switch execution to another goroutine without blocking the entire OS thread. This allows efficient resource utilization and parallelism.

Example: when reading from the network using net.Conn.Read(), the goroutine blocks, but the runtime switches to other goroutines while the data is being received.