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The main multithreading patterns include:

• Thread Pool: a fixed number of threads that are reused to execute tasks, reducing the overhead of creating new threads.

• Producer-Consumer: one or more threads produce data, others consume it, usually using a thread-safe queue.

• Barrier: synchronization of multiple threads so that all reach a certain point before continuing.

• Mutexes and semaphores: to protect shared resources and manage access.

• Futures and Promises: for asynchronously obtaining results from threads.

• Actor model: each actor is a separate thread or object with a message queue that processes messages sequentially.

In Go, goroutines and channels are often used, which simplify many of these patterns, for example, a channel can be used to implement the producer-consumer pattern:

ch := make(chan int)

// Producer
go func() {
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        ch <- i
    }
    close(ch)
}()

// Consumer
for val := range ch {
    fmt.Println(val)
}