Kuidas on seotud goroutine täitmine protsessori niitidega ja kuidas see määratakse konkreetsele niidile?

In Go, goroutines are lightweight threads managed by the Go runtime, not directly by the operating system. They run within OS threads, but Go uses its own scheduler that distributes many goroutines across a limited number of threads (M — OS threads).

The assignment of a goroutine to a thread is done via an M:N model, where M is the number of OS threads and N is the number of goroutines. The Go scheduler dynamically switches goroutine execution between threads to efficiently utilize CPU resources.

Thus, a goroutine is not tied to a specific processor thread, but the Go scheduler decides on which thread and when it will be executed. This allows running thousands of goroutines with minimal overhead compared to OS threads.

Example:

func main() {
    go func() {
        fmt.Println("Goroutine is running")
    }()
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

Here, the goroutine is started, and the Go scheduler will assign its execution to one of the available OS threads.