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Composite indexes in databases are created on multiple columns simultaneously. Their purpose is to speed up the execution of queries that filter or sort data based on multiple fields.

Advantages of composite indexes:

• Improve the performance of complex queries with multiple conditions.
• Allow efficient use of the index if queries frequently use the combination of these fields.

For example, if you have an orders table with fields user_id and order_date, and queries are often run on both fields, a composite index (user_id, order_date) will allow quick retrieval of the necessary records.

It is important to remember that the order of columns in a composite index affects its efficiency: the index is useful for queries that start with the first column of the index.