Selgitage automaatse mälu haldamise süsteemis prügikoristaja tööpõhimõtet.

The Garbage Collector (GC) in an automatic memory management system is responsible for freeing memory occupied by objects that are no longer used by the program.

Working principle:

1. Object tracking: GC determines which objects are reachable (in use) from root references (e.g., local variables, stack).
2. Determining unreachable objects: Objects with no references are considered garbage.
3. Memory freeing: GC releases the memory occupied by these objects so it can be reused.

In Go, the garbage collector runs in parallel with the program execution, minimizing pauses. It uses algorithms based on reachability counting and object marking.

Example: if an object is created in a program but references to it are lost, GC will automatically free the memory without the need for explicit deletion.