Kuidas töötab gorutinate vaheline suhtlusprotsess operatsioonisüsteemis süsteemkutsudega?

In Go, goroutines are lightweight threads managed by the Go runtime, not directly by the operating system. When a goroutine makes a system call, such as reading a file or network interaction, the following happens:

1. The goroutine calls the system call via the runtime.
2. If the system call blocks the thread (OS thread), the Go runtime can temporarily detach this goroutine from the current thread and run another goroutine on the same thread to avoid blocking execution.
3. For this, the runtime uses an M:N model, where M is the number of OS threads and N is the number of goroutines.
4. When the system call completes, the goroutine resumes its work.

This way, Go efficiently manages blocking system calls, allowing thousands of goroutines to run in parallel on a limited number of OS threads without blocking the entire program.