Kas saaksite selgitada prügikoristaja tööpõhimõtet programmeerimiskeeltes?

The Garbage Collector (GC) is an automatic memory management mechanism that frees memory occupied by objects that are no longer used by the program.

Working principle:

1. Reference tracking: GC determines which objects are accessible (they have references from active code) and which are not.
2. Garbage detection: Objects without references are considered garbage and are eligible for deletion.
3. Memory release: GC releases the memory occupied by these objects so it can be reused.

In Flutter (Dart), the garbage collector is based on reference counting and periodic cleanup. It runs in the background and aims to minimize pauses in the application's operation.

Example:

class MyClass {
  String data;
  MyClass(this.data);
}

void main() {
  MyClass obj = MyClass('Hello');
  obj = null; // Now the MyClass object is inaccessible and can be collected by GC
}

When obj becomes null, the MyClass object becomes inaccessible and will be removed by the garbage collector.