Kuidas Linuxi tuum haldab ja vabastab kasutatud RAM-mälu?

The Linux kernel manages memory through the Memory Management Unit (MMU) subsystem. The main mechanisms:

1. Memory allocation: the kernel allocates memory to processes via system calls (e.g., malloc in user space), using fixed-size pages.

2. Caching and buffering: the kernel uses free memory to cache files and buffers, speeding up data access.

3. Swapping: when RAM is insufficient, the kernel moves inactive pages to swap (file or disk partition), freeing RAM for active processes.

4. Memory freeing: when memory is needed, the kernel clears caches and buffers, and unloads unused pages from memory.

5. Garbage collection: in the memory context, the kernel does not use garbage collection, but frees pages that are no longer needed.

This way, Linux efficiently manages memory, balancing performance and resource availability.