Mis on mitme lõimega programmeerimine?

Multithreading allows multiple parts of a program (threads) to run concurrently, making the application more responsive and efficient, especially in tasks with intensive input/output or long computations.

Main concepts:

• Process: A running program with its own address space and resources.
• Thread: An execution unit within a process, has its own stack, CPU registers, but shares process resources (memory, file handles).
• Thread scheduler: The operating system manages thread execution, switching between them (context switching).

Advantages:

• Increased UI responsiveness.
• More efficient use of multicore processor resources.
• Simplification of asynchronous programming (via models like TPL).

Disadvantages:

• Complexity in synchronizing access to shared resources (race conditions, deadlocks).
• Increased overhead in creating and managing threads.
• Debugging becomes more difficult.

In C#, multithreading is implemented using classes from the System.Threading and System.Threading.Tasks namespaces, particularly Thread, ThreadPool, Task, as well as the async and await keywords.

Example of creating a simple thread:

using System.Threading;

// Creating a new thread
Thread t = new Thread(DoWork);
// Starting the thread
t.Start();

void DoWork()
{
    // Code executed in a separate thread
    Console.WriteLine("Work in a new thread.");
}