Kas saaksite selgitada, kuidas JavaScriptis toimub mälu haldamine ja automaatne objektide puhastamine?

In JavaScript, memory management is automatic through the garbage collection mechanism. When objects are created, they occupy memory in the heap. The garbage collector periodically checks which objects are no longer used — that is, there are no references to them from active code — and frees the memory they occupy.

The main algorithm is reference counting and searching for reachable objects (mark-and-sweep). For example, if a variable references an object, it is considered alive. If references disappear, the object becomes a candidate for deletion.

Example:

let obj = { name: "test" };
obj = null; // now the object is unreachable and will be cleaned up by the garbage collector

Thus, the programmer does not need to manually free memory, which reduces the likelihood of errors related to memory leaks.