Kas saaksite selgitada, kuidas lukustamise mehhanism töötab, kasutades synchronized või lock mitme lõime programmeerimisel?

Locking mechanics when using synchronized (in Java) or lock (in C#) are based on the use of synchronization primitives that ensure exclusive access to the critical section of code.

When a thread enters a block protected by lock or synchronized, it attempts to acquire the associated object lock (mutex). If the lock is free, the thread acquires it and continues execution. If the lock is already held by another thread, the current thread is blocked (waits) until the lock is released.

Example in C# with lock:

private readonly object _lockObj = new object();

void CriticalSection() {
    lock(_lockObj) {
        // code that should be executed by only one thread at a time
    }
}

Inside lock, the compiler generates calls to Monitor.Enter and Monitor.Exit methods, which manage acquiring and releasing the lock.

Thus, the locking mechanism guarantees that only one thread executes the critical section at a time, preventing race conditions and ensuring data integrity.