Selgitage andmete materialiseerimise põhimõtet ja millest see koosneb.

Data materialization is the process of transforming data from a deferred or lazy state into specific objects or collections in memory.

In C#, this often occurs when working with LINQ queries. LINQ queries are usually lazy: they are not executed immediately, but only when iterating over the result or calling methods that require the full result (e.g., ToList(), ToArray()).

Materialization means that data from the source (e.g., a database or collection) is loaded and stored in a concrete data structure, allowing you to work with it directly, without re-executing the query.

Example:

var query = dbContext.Users.Where(u => u.IsActive);
// The query has not been executed yet

List<User> activeUsers = query.ToList(); // Here, materialization occurs — data is loaded into the list

Therefore, data materialization is important for controlling the timing of query execution and managing performance.